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Nach der mit drei Neuberufungen in den Jahren 2011 und 2012 nunmehr ab-geschlossenenen Umstrukturierung des Mathematik-Instituts an der Universität Klagenfurt soll dieser Artikel die Mathematik in Klagenfurt, vertreten durch das ...
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Nach der mit drei Neuberufungen in den Jahren 2011 und 2012 nunmehr ab-geschlossenenen Umstrukturierung des Mathematik-Instituts an der Universität Klagenfurt soll dieser Artikel die Mathematik in Klagenfurt, vertreten durch das Institut für Mathematik, das Institut für Statistik und das Institut für Didaktik der Mathematik, vorstellen. Einen Schwerpunkt dieses Berichts bildet die Beschreibung der aktuellen Forschungsgebiete nach der Neustrukturierung des Instituts in den Jahren 2011/12, eingeleitet durch einen kurzen Abriss der Entwicklung der Mathematik in Klagenfurt.
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In the present paper we consider minimization based formulations of inverse problems (x, Φ) ∈ argmin {J (x, Φ; y) : (x, Φ) ∈ M_(ad)(y)} for the specific but highly relevant case that the admissible set M_(ad)~δ (y~δ) is def...
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In the present paper we consider minimization based formulations of inverse problems (x, Φ) ∈ argmin {J (x, Φ; y) : (x, Φ) ∈ M_(ad)(y)} for the specific but highly relevant case that the admissible set M_(ad)~δ (y~δ) is defined by pointwise bounds, which is the case, e.g., if L~∞ constraints on the parameter are imposed in the sense of Ivanov regularization, and the L~∞ noise level in the observations is prescribed in the sense of Morozov regularization. As application examples for this setting we consider three coefficient identification problems in elliptic boundary value problems. Discretization of (x, Φ) with piecewise constant and piecewise linear finite elements, respectively, leads to finite dimensional nonlinear box constrained minimization problems that can numerically be solved via Gauss-Newton type SQP methods. In our computational experiments we revisit the suggested application examples. In order to speed up the computations and obtain exact numerical solutions we use recently developed active set methods for solving strictly convex quadratic programs with box constraints as subroutines within our Gauss-Newton type SQP approach.
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Whereas a number of studies have investigated adult laypersons' understanding of the concept of wisdom, children's knowledge about wisdom has not yet been studied. A total of 461 Austrian elementary-school children filled out a qu...
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Whereas a number of studies have investigated adult laypersons' understanding of the concept of wisdom, children's knowledge about wisdom has not yet been studied. A total of 461 Austrian elementary-school children filled out a questionnaire about wisdom. Results showed an increase in self-reported familiarity with the term "wisdom" from 43.0% in grade 1 to 92.1% in grade 4. Children's open definitions of wisdom as well as their wisdom-typicality judgements of a list of adjectives focused on cognitive aspects, especially fluid intelligence, and social aspects of wisdom, especially friendliness. Aspects involving reflection, such as learning from experience or perspective taking, were seldom mentioned. The frequency with which old age was judged as typical for wisdom increased across grades 1 to 4. Gender differences were mostly found in nominations of wise figures, where boys nominated male figures more often than girls.
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In active and assisted living environments, a major service that can be provided is the automated assessment of elderly people's well-being. Therefore, activity recognition is required to detect what types of help disabled persons...
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In active and assisted living environments, a major service that can be provided is the automated assessment of elderly people's well-being. Therefore, activity recognition is required to detect what types of help disabled persons need to support them in their daily life activities. Unfortunately, it is still a difficult task to estimate the size of the required window for online sensor data streams to recognize a specific activity, especially when new sensor events are recorded. This paper proposes a windowing algorithm, which presents promising results to recognize complex human activities for multi-resident homes. The approach is based on the analysis of the sensor data to identify the best fitting sensors that should be considered in a specified window. Moreover, the second part of this paper proposes a set of different statistical spatio-temporal features to recognize human activities. In order to check the overall performance, this approach is tested using the CASAS data set and artificially generated laboratory data using our HBMS simulator. The results show high performance based on different evaluation metrics compared to other approaches. We believe that the proposed windowing approach provides a good approximation of the required window size in order to robustly detect human activities in comparison to other windowing approaches.
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In this paper we extend a recent idea of formulating and regularizing inverse problems as minimization problems, so without using a forward operator, thus avoiding explicit evaluation of a parameter-to-state map. We do so by rephr...
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In this paper we extend a recent idea of formulating and regularizing inverse problems as minimization problems, so without using a forward operator, thus avoiding explicit evaluation of a parameter-to-state map. We do so by rephrasing three application examples in this minimization form, namely (a) electrical impedance tomography with the complete electrode model (b) identification of a nonlinear magnetic permeability from magnetic flux measurements (c) localization of sound sources from microphone array measurements. To establish convergence of the proposed regularization approach for these problems, we first of all extend the existing theory. In particular, we take advantage of the fact that observations are finite dimensional here, so that inversion of the noisy data can to some extent be done separately, using a right inverse of the observation operator. This new approach is actually applicable to a wide range of real world problems.
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In this paper, we show that successful policy aimed at enhancing economic growth in the long run must be based on policies which improve human capital and technological progress. This is applied to Slovenia, a small open economy i...
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In this paper, we show that successful policy aimed at enhancing economic growth in the long run must be based on policies which improve human capital and technological progress. This is applied to Slovenia, a small open economy in the European Union and the Euro Area. In particular, we investigate how fiscal policies should be designed to support economic growth without violating the European Union Stability and Growth Pact. Using the SLOPOL10 model, an econometric model of the Slovenian economy, we analyse the effects of different fiscal policies in Slovenia over the next few years by means of simulations. The fiscal policy multipliers of the Slovenian economy are small and short-lived, which renders demand-side expansionary fiscal policies inappropriate as a means of achieving higher growth. However, if an increase in government expenditures directly related to technological progress is implemented (such as better funding for tertiary education or subsidies for firms’ investments in research and development), this can trigger a path of output which is permanently higher than that of the baseline simulation. Reducing income taxes and social security contributions has strong positive effects on employment. This result shows that the key to prosperity and sustained growth is investment in human capital and technology, also for a small open economy like Slovenia.
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Forecasts predict that Internet traffic will continue to grow in the near future. A huge share of this traffic is caused by multimedia streaming. The quality of experience (QoE) of such streaming services is an important aspect an...
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Forecasts predict that Internet traffic will continue to grow in the near future. A huge share of this traffic is caused by multimedia streaming. The quality of experience (QoE) of such streaming services is an important aspect and in most cases the goal is to maximize the bit rate which-in some cases-conflicts with the requirements of both consumers and providers. For example, in mobile environments users may prefer a lower bit rate to come along with their data plan. Likewise, providers aim at minimizing bandwidth usage in order to reduce costs by transmitting less data to users while maintaining a high QoE. Today's adaptive video streaming services try to serve users with the highest bit rates that consequently results in high QoE. In practice, however, some of these high bit rate representations may not differ significantly in terms of perceived video quality compared to lower bit rate representations. In this paper, we present a novel approach to determine the statistically indifferent quality variation of adjacent video representations for adaptive video streaming services by adopting standard objective quality metrics and existing QoE models. In particular, whenever the quality variation between adjacent representations is imperceptible from a statistical point of view, the representation with higher bit rate can be substituted with a lower bit rate representation. As expected, this approach results in savings with respect to bandwidth consumption while still providing a high QoE for users. The approach is evaluated subjectively with a crowdsourcing study. Additionally, we highlight the benefits of our approach, by providing a case study that extrapolates possible savings for providers.
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The Single-Row Facility Layout Problem (SRFLP) is one of the most studied facility layout problems in the literature. It asks for an optimal arrangement of departments with given lengths on a row such that the weighted sum of all ...
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The Single-Row Facility Layout Problem (SRFLP) is one of the most studied facility layout problems in the literature. It asks for an optimal arrangement of departments with given lengths on a row such that the weighted sum of all centre-to-centre distances between department pairs is minimised. Real-world facility layouts may require taking different restrictions on the placement of departments into account, such as arrangement on a fixed position, pairwise placement, or precedence considerations. Therefore, we consider the constrained Single-Row Facility Layout Problem (cSRFLP) that additionally considers positioning, ordering, and relation constraints on single-row facility layouts. In this work, we suggest a new Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation for the cSRFLP, which outperforms the best available exact approach in literature. In an extensive computational study, we apply our ILP approach as well as an LP-based cutting plane algorithm on SRFLP and cSRFLP instances from the literature. We provide optimal cSRFLP layouts as well as strong lower bounds for instances with up to 42 departments. Further, we present new results for SRFLP instances from the literature. Additionally, we demonstrate the individual impact of the constraint sets on the run times of cSRFLP instances to emphasise further research on this rarely studied practice-oriented Facility Layout Problem.
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Purpose - This paper aims to examine the effects of qualifying language, functional ingredient, ingredient familiarity and inferences of manipulative intent (IMI) on the likelihood that consumers make stimulus-based inferences abo...
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Purpose - This paper aims to examine the effects of qualifying language, functional ingredient, ingredient familiarity and inferences of manipulative intent (IMI) on the likelihood that consumers make stimulus-based inferences about the level of scientific support for health claims on food. Design/methodology/approach - An advertisement copy test for a fictitious product bearing a caries risk-reduction claim has been conducted. The test design comprises three claim conditions, each corresponding to one of the sufficient levels of support for nutrient-health relations within the World Health Organization (WHO)-framework. Findings - The claim conditions have affected the likelihood of making stimulus-based inferences, which is lower for high-level-of-support claims as opposed to low-level-of-support and moderate-level-of-support claims. No effect of ingredient familiarity has been observed. The effect of the functional ingredient featured is significant at the 10 per cent-level. IMI has a negative effect on the likelihood of making a stimulus-based inference. Research limitations/implications - The survey relies on a demographically homogeneous sample. Practical implications - Examining the likelihood of stimulus-based inferences about health claim substantiation is essential for assessing the effectiveness of claim formulations and for addressing resulting miscommunication. Originality/value - The current paper addresses the research gap on consumer ability to identify the level of support for health claims within the European context.
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Das wichtigste Mittel, das Trainern und Beratern zur Verfügung steht, ist die Sprache. Was sie erreichen können, hängt sehr von der Wahl der „treffenden Worte“ ab. Diese zu finden – was gesagt wird und wie es gesagt wird – ...
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Das wichtigste Mittel, das Trainern und Beratern zur Verfügung steht, ist die Sprache. Was sie erreichen können, hängt sehr von der Wahl der „treffenden Worte“ ab. Diese zu finden – was gesagt wird und wie es gesagt wird – spielt eine Schlüsselrolle für die Qualität von Interventionen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen möglichen Auffassungen wird Intervention hier als Etablierung einer reflexiven Distanz eines Systems sich selbst gegenüber verstanden. Der Hauptzweck von Interventionen ist dann, ein System zu einem besseren Verständnis von sich selbst und der Situation, in der es sich befindet, zu bringen. Dieses Verständnis von Intervention ist Voraussetzung für die Selbststeuerungsfähigkeit von Systemen. Das Konzept ist kulturell begrenzt, denn Selbststeuerung bedeutet bis zu einem gewissen Ausmaß immer die Infragestellung von herrschenden Prinzipien und Autoritäten.
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